Williams argues technology now actively shapes how risk managers perceive and interpret risk, not just manage it.
“This is the critical shift: We are no longer simply using technology to manage risk—we are using technology that is actively shaping how we perceive and interpret risk.”
Williams says AI investment will support productivity growth but currently supply and demand are racing.
“I am confident that these investments will support strong productivity growth in coming years. But, right now, we’re in a race between available supply and surging demand.”
Williams identifies supply shocks, geopolitical uncertainty, AI and payments tech as shaping today's complex central bank environment.
“Central banks today are confronting an increasingly complex environment shaped by repeated supply shocks, geopolitical uncertainty, and rapid advances in artificial intelligence and payments technologies.”
Williams expects GDP growth of 2.5 to 2.75 percent in 2026, driven by fiscal policy and AI investment.
“I expect the economy to grow above trend this year, with real GDP growth between 2-1/2 and 2-3/4 percent.”
Williams expects GDP growth near 2.5 percent this year from fiscal policy, financial conditions, and AI investment.
“I expect real GDP growth to be close to 2-1/2 percent this year, reflecting tailwinds from fiscal policy, favorable financial conditions, and investment in AI.”